Deep-Space Radiation Defense Using HDPE

Designed to protect astronauts from the hazardous radiation encountered in deep space, the AstroRad Vest leverages hydrocarbon polymer-high-density polyethylene (HDPE)—to shield critical organs without compromising mobility or comfort.

Radiation in space, particularly from solar particle events (SPEs) and galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), poses one of the most significant threats to astronaut health.

Unlike Earth, with its protective magnetic field and atmosphere, deep-space environments expose travelers to high levels of ionizing radiation. To address this challenge, StemRad, an Israeli company, partnered with aerospace leader Lockheed Martin to create the AstroRad vest.

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This innovative solution relies on hydrocarbon polymers, particularly high-density polyethylene (HDPE), whose hydrogen-rich composition makes it highly effective at blocking harmful radiation.

Harnessing Hydrocarbon Polymers for Effective Shielding

Hydrocarbon polymers, especially HDPE, are pivotal in this radiation shielding. HDPE is rich in hydrogen atoms, which are highly effective at attenuating charged particle radiation. When high-energy particles encounter hydrogen atoms, they slow down, dispersing their energy and thus reducing the dose absorbed by the body. The high hydrogen concentration in HDPE makes it a superior choice for radiation shielding compared to traditional materials like metals.

Unlike heavier materials, hydrocarbon polymers are lightweight and flexible, making them ideal for wearable applications in space. Additionally, their low atomic number minimizes the production of secondary radiation, a critical advantage in deep-space environments.

Innovative Design: Flexible, Targeted Protection

This strategic use of hydrocarbon polymers not only enhances radiation protection but also ensures the vest remains comfortable and practical for astronauts during long-duration missions, highlighting their pivotal role in advancing space safety through material innovation. By concentrating protection on high-risk organs, the vest maximizes efficiency while minimizing unnecessary bulk.

Testing and Validation in Space Missions

The AstroRad vest underwent rigorous testing in major space missions, confirming its effectiveness and usability in challenging space conditions. On the ISS, astronauts evaluated the vest’s ergonomics and mobility, performing tasks to ensure it was suitable for long-term use.

Additionally, NASA achieved a milestone by testing the AstroRad vest on Artemis I, sending it onboard Orion for the MARE study. In this experiment, researchers measured radiation exposure using two mannequins: Zohar, wearing the vest, and Helga, as an unprotected control.

Consequently, the study provided critical data on the vest’s protection against harmful solar particles and galactic cosmic rays. As space agencies prepare for Moon and Mars missions, the AstroRad vest will be key to ensuring astronaut safety.

In summary, the AstroRad vest represents a breakthrough in radiation protection, advancing astronaut safety for future deep-space exploration.