Assessment of the Decomposition of Oxo- and Biodegradable Packaging Using FTIR Spectroscopy.
Plastics are widely used for their strength, resistance, and flexibility. However, their end-of-life decomposition presents significant environmental challenges. Biodegradable plastics decompose through microorganisms, whereas oxo-biodegradable plastics need abiotic factors like heat or UV radiation to start breaking down.
Researchers from Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Poland conducted a study that involved twelve types of biodegradable and oxo-biodegradable shopping and waste bags commonly available in the country. These samples underwent industrial composting to simulate real-world conditions, and FTIR Spectroscopy was used to determine their composition and structure changes. The samples included biodegradable, compostable, and oxo-biodegradable plastics made from materials like corn and potato starch and those containing additives like d2w® and TDPA®.
The results revealed that only some of the composted samples fully decomposed. FTIR Spectroscopy confirmed the presence of degradation compounds, but it did not indicate complete degradation. The analysis found that many samples, including those labeled as biodegradable, contained persistent compounds such as alkyl halides, which pose potential environmental risks.
Samples selected for compostability research. Courtesy of Assessment of the Decomposition of Oxo- and Biodegradable Packaging Using FTIR Spectroscopy.
The findings emphasize the complexity of biodegradable plastics and the need for comprehensive evaluation to protect environmental health. Transitioning to truly biodegradable materials requires more research and regulation in real conditions, not just laboratory tests.
The research underscored the need for accurate labeling of biodegradable and oxo-biodegradable plastics, ensuring they decompose entirely under real-world conditions. It also highlighted the necessity of developing technical standards for biodegradability tests that reflect actual environmental conditions to avoid misleading consumers and potential environmental harm.
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